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Churning of Ocean, to get gems

Samudra Manthan, with Gods and Demons

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Samudra Manthan or Churning of the Ocean among Gods and Demons
Churning of the Ocean by Gods and Demons

Churning of the Ocean by Gods and Demons

According to the Bhaagwat Purana, the Mahabharata, the Skand Purana and the Vishnu Purana, this incidence occurred between Gods and Demons. Devraj Indra, was the king of Gods and Asurpati Bali was the king of Demons.

According to Hindu mythology, once upon a time, Sage Durvasa, along with his disciples, were going to meet Lord Shiva. On their way, Durvasa came to meet Devraj Indra (king of the Gods). Devraj Indra showed due respect to the sage and his companions. In return, the sage blessed Devraj Indra and offered the miraculous Parijat (which never fade) flower of Lord Vishnu to him. But, Devraj Indra was unduly proud of his own position and he kept the flower most disrespectfully on the head of his carrier, the elephant. As soon as the elephant came in contact with the flower, miracle happened and the elephant grew equally strong and powerful as . Then it refused to be any more with and moved towards the dense forest while crushing the Parijat flower on its way.
Sage Durvasaa was terribly angry to see the behavior of Devraj Indra towards the Parijat flower with such humiliation. He cursed Indra that goddess Lakshmi, who symbolized "Sri" (beauty, fame and wealth) would no longer be accompanying Devraj Indra. Obeying the curse, goddess Lakshmi at once disappeared from heaven. With her departure, came the poor days of all the gods. They lost all their power and glory. They were completely at a loss. As soon as the demons from the hades came to know about such pitiful condition of the gods, they attacked heaven at once. They defeated the gods and spread their own kingdom. Seeing the poor state of the gods, Devraj Indra, along with the chief of gods, Vrihaspati or Jupiter (who is the Guru of Gods) and the other gods, went to seek the advice of Lord Brahma. Then, Lord Brahma advised him that! Since Indra had not treated the symbolic flower of Lord Vishnu with suitable respect, as a punishment, goddess Sri had left him. In order to win back her charm, wealth and good luck, he should praise Lord Narayana or Vishnu. Through this, his lost wealth might be regained.

Thus, assuring Devraj Indra, Lord Brahma took him to the shelter of Lord Vishnu, who was sitting gloriously along with his wife, goddess Lakshmi. All the gods offered their praise to Lord Vishnu and requested him to be kind enough to them and to fulfill their wish. They informed him that due to the curse of Sage Durvasaa, goddess Lakshmi was annoyed with them and had left heaven. So they had come to seek help from him, so that he could protect them against the attacking demons. Lord Vishnu is omniscient. He realized the feelings of the gods in no time at all. He told them to listen to his advice very carefully, as that was the only way to save themselves. He made them aware of the fact that the eternal time was in favor of the demons at that time, and hence the gods would have to wait patiently for the appropriate time to come when they would achieve excellence and simultaneously, the demons could be defeated. Till then, it would be better for the gods to join hands with their enemies. Lord Vishnu also told them that deep under the Kshir-Sagar (the Ocean), was hidden the Amrit (nectar) along with many other useful things. One who would consume this Amrit, would gain the capability to defeat even death. But to extract this precious potion, it was necessary to churn the sea. It was quite a tough task to accomplish, and hence, the gods should seek help from the demons to achieve success. It is diplomatically correct to make friends with one's enemy if need arises. After churning up the sea, the gods could drink the amrit, and thus would become indestructible. It would not be possible for the demons to harm them anymore. Finally, Lord Vishnu suggested that they should agree to all the conditions put forth by the demons. They should never forget the important lesson that peaceful existence, not anger, can bring success in every field of life. All the gods accepted the opinion of Lord Vishnu, they went to the demon king Bali with their proposal of treaty, and made them agree to the fact that the gods and the demons together would take part in the churning of the ocean.

To begin the process of churning, the mountain Mandarachal (name of the mountain) was placed inside the sea at the pivotal position and the snake Vasuki (head in snakes) was treated as the rope. Following this, both the gods and demons started the process of churning. Both the sides were excited with the idea of getting amrit or nectar, and were paying extra efforts. In the very beginning of the process, was extracted the deadly poison named "Kalkut". All the gods started praising Lord Shiva, as he was the only one to rescue them from such a situation. Lord Shiva was pleased with their praise and he drank the poison. He stored the poison inside his throat, as, his heart was home to lord Vishnu and outside his body, lay the entire creation. So, he could not let the poison flow up or down his throat. Soon, his throat turned bluish in color from the effect of the poison and since then, he came to be known as Neelkanth (one whose throat is blue in color) and due to he gulped Kalkut poison, he was also well known by "Akshovya" as sage. And this form of Shiva is related with Goddess Tara, she feed her breast milk to Shiva and holds on forehead.
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The churning was continued and next came the holy cow "Kamdhenu". The sages, who were the followers of Lord Brahma, kept the cow to get regular supply of pious butter, milk and so on for fire sacrifices.

Next from the churning came out the majestic seven headed horse "Ucchaishraba". The demon king Bali wished to keep it and thus it belonged to the demons. The horse was as bright and shining like the moonlight.

Next appeared the superior elephant "Airavat", which was claimed by Lord Indra.

As the churning continued, the precious "Kaustav Mani" (a precious gem) appeared, which was taken by lord Vishnu to be worn close to his heart.

Next was the turn of the "Kalpa-Vriksha" (a special kind of tree). It was the ornamental plant of heaven and the specialty of this tree was that any item, wished by any person, could be provided by it.

Next came out the group of nymphs "Menka, Rambha, Urvashi, Tilotama" etc., who was destined to please the gods and taken to haven for entertainment.

Next the "Chandra or Moon", Moon was rattling on Shiva's forehead.

"Left Faced Shankha or Conch Shell", holds on upper left hand of Lord Vishnu.

"Jyeshta or Alkshmi" which is Goddess of misfortune with impecunious.

After this, "Baruni named Wine", was extracted which was consumed by the demons.

Now was the turn of "Goddess Kamala or Lakshmi" to come out of the sea. Both the gods and the demons grew anxious to own her. The Brahmins worshiped the goddess with due respect. Then the goddess offered her garland to Lord Vishnu. Goddess Lakshmi did not offer her garland to the gods as they were devotees yet prurient, and not also to the demons as they were aggressive by nature. On their union,Lakshmi and Narayana, were worshiped together and famous as Lakshmi-Narayana.

Again became the process of churning the sea, as both the sides were eagerly waiting for the amrit. Finally, "Dhanwantari", (who was the doctor of the gods) appeared with the pot containing "Amrit or nectar". He was also the partial avatar (incarnation) of Lord Vishnu.


Churning of the Ocean by Gods and Demons

Puran a short description

Different types of text-books in Hinduism.

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 Vyas Gufa or Cave in Mana Gaon, near Badrinath, Where Maharishi Ved-Vyas re-wrote all Purans
"Vyas Gufa" or "Vyas-Cave" in Mana Gaon, near Badrinath, Where Maharishi Ved-Vyas re-wrote all Purans, with the help of Lord Ganesha

Puran, Mirror of Hindu Iconography

The word Puran is a combination of two words, namely, "pura" and "an". It means something which is old or ancient. The word 'pura' means past, something that does not exist anymore, and the word 'an' means to say or to make aware of. Thus, Puran is a collection of texts that makes us aware of all the information, decisions, principles, teachings and incidents of the past. Lord Brahma, the creator of the Universe was the first among all who had composed the oldest religious texts, known as the Purana. Purana includes a complete description of all the events from the beginning till the end of the process of creation and it is considered to be a pious and absolute source of knowledge. Since the initial phase of its composition, the Hindu religion has been based on the teachings and principles derived from the Purana. Purana, in reality, is a vast narration of the Vedas*( the holy text book of the Hindus). The Vedas had been composed in a very complicated language style that is quite hard for commoners to follow. Maharishi Vedvyas* (incarnation of lord Vishnu, a Sage) had written and re-written certain sections of the Purana. The ideas that have been written in a complex manner in the Vedas have been explained and narrated in a simple understanding way in the Purana. Since its inception, the Purana has shown the right path to the gods, the sages, and the human beings. Consequently, they can get a clear idea about their past, which help them to plan their future course of action. These holy texts have also explained the significance of various modes of worship, be it through worshiping the formless god, or through idol worship. The Puranas have narrated the ideas of virtue and vice, action and inaction, morality and immorality by keeping in front the examples set by the gods and goddesses. It also teaches us that in order to establish a well-developed and just society, certain humanitarian criteria, such as, love, devotion, sacrifice or dedication, tolerance and so on are essentially required. The Purana inspires us to inculcate such aspects within ourselves. The Purana also gives a detailed description of the nature of gods and goddesses. We can find elaborate description of certain vice present among the gods also from the Purana. But the principal idea behind composing the Purana was essentially to establish the truth and to develop good will among all.
While creating the Universe, Lord Brahma had composed only one Puran, which consisted around a billion Slokas* (hymn). It was huge in size and included such texts which were very hard to understand. At that time, Maharishi Vedvyas thought it important for the Purana to be simplistic and easy to understand. From this point of view, he divided the Purana into eighteen parts, which contained about four hundred thousand Slokas.
The eighteen divisions of the Purana and the number of Slokas in them as done by Maharishi Ved-Vyas
Vyas-Gufa or Vyas-Cave

The eighteen divisions of the Purana and the number of Slokas in them as done by Maharishi Ved-Vyas are as follows :

1. Brahma Puran

Lord Brahma
Lord Brahma (The Creator of Entire Universe)
It has ten thousand Slokas and contains the description of the method to worship Lord Brahma, existing in the form of an idol. It narrates the origin of the gods, demons, Prajapati Daksha* (Son of Lord Brahma and the ruler) and so on. There is also the detailed description of Sun god and his most famous ancestor, Lord Rama, who, in course of time, would cause the victory of good over evil. It also contains details about the dynasty of the Moon god along with the role played by Lord Sri Krishna to destroy the evil power. Details about all the islands or landforms of the earth, all the aeon since the Creation, all the partitions of the earth, namely, heaven, earth and hades, can be found in it. It describes the procedure to worship the Sun and also narrates the life history of Goddess Parvati (incarnation of Adhya-Shakti and the second spouse of Lord Shiva) including her birth, marriage and so on. The way to perform the last rites of our predecessors, along with the description of the hell has also been explained in detail. It includes narrations of the caste divisions found in Hinduism as well as of the Ashrama* (stages of life followed in ancient India) system . Last but not the least, it includes rendition of the "Vaishnava" faith, portrayal of the Ages and also the description of the final destruction.

2. Padma Puran

Lotus or Padma
Padma or Lotus is a very significant in Hinduism, its symbolized the Purity
It is the second largest branch of the Purana consisting of fifty-five thousand Slokas. It is one of the most famous Hindu religious text. It mainly contains details about ancient kings and famous personalities. The Padma Purana has been divided into five parts, namely, the Shristi Khand* (chapter related to the Creation), Bhumi Khand* (chapter related to land), Swarg Khand* (chapter related to the Heaven), Paatal Khand* (chapter related to the Hades) and Uttar Khand* (chapter in relation to the latter phase). The narratives of Nandi and Dhenu, King Bali and Baaman, the story of Tuladhar are some important sections of this Purana. Shristi Khand : This part contains the narratives of Savitri and Satyavan, Dharmamurti, Narakasur, Kartikeya, the slaughter of the demon Tarakasur by Kartikeya, and so on. Description of religious sites like Pushkar and others, the last rites to be performed for our predecessors, descriptions of all the mountains, islands, the seven seas, can be obtained from this part. The significance of Awala* (gooseberry) and that of Tulsi* (holy basil), how the presence of a tulsi plant in our house can prevent the existence of spirits and any kind of illness among us are some of the facts mentioned in this book. It also contains the praises of Ganga, Lord Ganesha and the Sun, and also mentions the significance of charity on certain auspicious occasions like Sankranti* (end of a Hindu month) etc.Bhumi Khand : The principles of celibacy, charity, human religion and Jainism has found place in this section. Some other important matters that are contained in this book are, the story of birth and the characterization of King Prithu, Lord Vishnu explaining the importance of appropriate time and place for charity to Wen, the narratives of Sukala, Shukar-Shukari* (pig and the sow), the penance done by Pippal concerning the pilgrimage site of fathers, the devotion of Sukarma towards his father, the significance of worshipping Lord Shiva, and the various stotras* (chants) through which one can please Lord Vishnu. Swarg khand : In this part, there are descriptions of the eminent Hindu religious sites like the Pushkar and those related to the river Narmada, the story of Shakuntala and King Dushyanta, significance of the positions of planets and stars in human life, characterization of God Narayana, King Harishchandra, King Mandhata and so on. We get to know about the creation of the Universe, importance of different religious sites, and the significance of Ekadashi Vrat* (the rituals observed on the eleventh day of every lunar phase). Paatal khand : It includes the narration of the events of Lord Rama after he won over the demon Ravana, the glory of Lord Shri Krishna and the religious sites related to him, the story of sage Narad assuming the role of a female, description of all the demons including Ravana, the gala and festivals celebrated every month, the geographical description of the earth, the roles played by Lord Vishnu in his appearances as Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. Uttar Khand : The most important topics discussed in this part are the stories of the demon Jalandhar, the epic saga of the suttee wife Tulsi Vrinda, significance of the religious sites Badrikashram, Haridwar, Prayag, Kashi, Gaya and the likes, and also the story of bringing the river Ganga from the heaven to the earth.

3. Vishnu Puran

Lord Vishnu
Lord Vishnu
It contains twenty three thousand Slokas and dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It was composed by Sage Parashar, the grandson of Sage Vashishtha. This variation of the Puran elaborates the description of the real nature of the earth, astrology, history of the famous dynasties, characterization of Lord Krishna and so on. Vishnu Puran can be classified into six sections : the first part narrates the stories of Holika with Prahlad on her lap, the narration of Dhruv and Prithu, the origin of the Universe, the nature of Eternal Time etc.. In the second part, we can find the description about the three parts of the universe, namely, Heaven, Earth and Hades, the nine sectors of the earth, planets and stars, astrology etc.. The third part includes description of famines, explanation of the branches of the Vedas, the features of domestic life as well as the description of the funeral rites. The key points of the fourth part are the details about the dynasties of the Sun God and the Moon God. The fifth part of the Puran consists of the stories of Lord Krishna and his various activities. Finally, the sixth part gives us the essence of the ultimate destruction as well as salvation or Moksha.

4. Shiv-Puran

Five Haded, Shiva
Lord Shiva
It consists of twenty-four thousand Slokas and dedicated to lord Shiva. Shiv Puran mainly emphasizes on the devotion to Lord Shiva and suggests the ways in which its message can be spread among common people. Shiv Puran throws light on the life and character of Lord Shiva, along with the way of his behavior, his marriage and the origin of his ancestors. In this Puran, there are description of praising the glory of Lord Shvia in various ways. The key feature of this book is that it comprises of many tales which are educative in nature as well as is a storehouse of knowledge. According to this book, Lord Shiva has been termed as Swayambhu* (parthenogenesis); simultaneously, he has also been depicted as eternal, the highest entity, and most importantly, the basis of the worldly thinking's and universal existence. We can refer to this book for a detailed description of the different forms of Lord Shiva, his incarnations, the Jyotirlingas, his devotees and so on.
This Puran consists of six subdivisions :
1. Vidyeshwar samhita : Chapter related to supreme god of the world.
2. Rudra samhita : Chapter related to the Rudra* (anger form of lord Shiva).
3. Koti-Rudra samhita : Chapter related to the Crore or 10 Millions anger forms of shiva.

4. Uma samhita : Chapter related to Lord Shivas spouse, Uma or Pravati or Sati.
5. Kailash samhita : Chapter related to mount Kailash.
6. Vayu samhita : Chapter related to Air.

5. Srimad-Bhagwat Puran

Srimad Bhagwat, Lord Vishnu
Vishnuorator of Bhagwat Puran
The total number of Slokas in this Puran is about eighteen thousand. It is regarded as the most important religious book of the "Vaishnava" sect. The key feature of this book is the simplified documentation of the mysterious and complex theories discussed in the Vedas, Upanishadas, and the various other philosophical texts. It contains the wide array of theories such as fruitful and The most important descriptions mentioned in this book are the modes of work, which can be platonic or non-platonic, worship of knowledge, worship to attain salvation, devotion, honor, benignity, the dual and real traits, useful and useless as well as expressive and non-expressive thoughts and mysteries. The whole book has been roughly divided into twelve columns, which mostly contains the description of the different avataras (incarnations) of Lord Vishnu. Srimad-Bhagwat Puran fully acknowledges the existence of Varna-ashrama* (division of society according to caste); and at the same time, it imposes restriction upon the right of lower caste people, women and Shudras* (consider as the fourth and lower cast in Hinduism) to listen to the Vedas. Brahmins* (consider as the first and supreme cast in Hinduism) were given special position in the existing social structure. In the beginning, the main cause of restricting lower caste people from listening to the Vedas was that they were always not capable of memorizing the verses of the holy texts. But in the later stage, the Vedic sages got diverted from this concept and they made it a conventional rule that listening to the Vedas would only be restricted to the elites. Such restrictions gave birth to the baseless categorization among the people of the society. This part of the Purana also contains repeated description of the miraculous as well as divine features of Lord Krishna.

6. Narad Purana (also termed as Naradiya Purana)

Narad Muni or Sage
Dev-Rishi or the sage of Gods "Narad"
This Puran, composed by Sage Narad, is a "Vaishnav Puran" and contains around twenty two thousand Slokas. The key object described in this book is devotion towards Lord Vishnu. It has been classified into two main parts. It is believed that the mere listening of this Puran helps us to get rid of all our sins. According to this branch of Puran, sinners are those who commits the murder of brahmins, consumes alcohol, eats meat, visits a prostitute, enjoys a vindictive meal, and steals goods. The two sections of this Puran are the former part and the later part. There are four chapters in the former part and it contains details about the conversation between Suta and Shaunak, creation of the Universe and its dissolution, the birth of Sukdeva, the proper ways to chant the psalm, the different methods of worship, the details about the various vrat* (vows) to be observed during the different months of the Hindu calendar and their benefits. The second part contains the stories of the incarnations of Lord Vishnu. As per this Puran, a guest should be treated equivalent to god. It also explains the significance of the four Varnas* (caste system prevailing in ancient India) and Ashramas* (stages of human life), and thus establishes the superiority of the Brahmins. This book is a bit partial in its treatment towards the two other sections of the society, namely, the Kshatriya* (the royal person) and the Vaishya* (the businessman), while looks down upon the lowest caste, the Shudras.

7. Markandeya Puran

Markandaye Rishi or Sage
Shiva protect Markandaye when he was child, with the god of death Yam-Raj
This Puran, containing around nine thousand Slokas, was narrated by sage Markandeya* (name of the sage) to Kraushtik* (name of the sage). The key points discussed in this book are the interpretation of the Sun, Agni* (the god of fire), Lord Indra and so on as per the Rig-veda (one of the oldest Hindu scripture among four), "Grihasth-Ashram" (the stage of life relating to family, in Hinduism life is divided into four stages according to age, grihastha is second one and it is considered to be within the age of 25 to 50 years, during which a person got married and led a family life), the daily schedule to be followed, the events occurring on a regular day, and so on. There are also certain other important things that can be found in this book, which is, "Durgasaptashati", which depicts the protection of the gods by Adya-shakti, the killings of the demons, namely, Shumbh and Nishumbh, Mahishasura, Raktabeej etc., which are much popular among the common people, the narration of King Harishchandra, the characterization of Madalasa, the story of Atri-Anasuya, the character depiction of Lord Dattatrey and many more such interesting incidents.
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8. Agni Puran

Agni Dev, Fire
Agni Dev or God of Fire
The number of Slokas in this Purana is about eighteen thousand. It holds a significantly remarkable position because of the enormous amount of knowledge contained within it. The Agni Purana describes the worship method of the three supreme gods, namely, Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva as well as the Sun. It also contains the different tricks of black magic, abridged versions of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the tales of the avatars such as the Kurma* (the tortoise), the Matsya* (the fish) and so on, origin of the Creation, the methods of ordination, worshiping the architectural features of domestic residence, the holy chants relating to the worship of different gods and a whole array of other useful materials. It is presumed that Lord Agni himself narrated this Purana to Sage Vashishtha. There are two sections of this Purana.

9. Bhavishya Puran

The total number of Slokas contained in this Purana is about fourteen thousand five hundred. Sage Vedvyas had described in this book the events that would take place in the recent and far future much before their occurrence. In this book, Vedvyas had described the origin and development of the Christian and Islamic religion much before their beginning and preaching done by Jesus Christ and Muhammad respectively. We can find the detailed description of the history of modern India in this book. It contains important historic materials in the third and fourth episodes of its Pratisarg parv (an important portion of the book). There are mentions of the medieval hindu kings like Harshavardhan and others, the Islamic invaders such as Muhammad Tughluq, Taimur Lang, the Mughal rulers Babur, Akbar and their ancestors. The middle portion of the book comprises of the execution of all the activities.

10. Brahmavaivarta Puran

The number of Slokas in this Puran is about eighteen thousand. This Puran depicts Lord Krishna as the origin as well as the eternal spirit of the creation. In this book, we can find detailed description of the activities of Lord Krishna, a beautiful elaboration of the Golok-leela* (performance in empire of cows) as well as Avatar-leela (performance relating to incarnation) of Shri Radha, the significance and uniformity of various gods and also the different ways of worshiping them. This book is also the storehouse of a wide array of special hymns. The four main parts of this Puran are the Brahma-khand (Universe part), Prakriti-khand* (Nature part), Shrikrishna-khand* (part or lord Krishna) and Ganesh-khand* (part of lord Ganesha). This book considers Lord Krishna as the chief god and hence is described as the root cause of creation. The word Brahmavaivarta* means the transformation of Lord Brahma. In other words, the book which contains the rendition of the different after-effects of nature, is termed as Brahmavaivarta Puran. Some other branches of Puran also describe the topics such as incarnation of Lord Vishnu, mentioning of Lord Krishna and so on, but this particular Puran deals with such topics with a completely different viewpoint. For instance, the description of Shri Krishna Leela is remarkably different in Brahmavaivarta Puran as compared to Bhaagwat Puran. The approach of Bhaagwat Puran is literary and simplistic in nature, while Brahmavaivarta Puran treats it with much adornment.

11. Linga-Puran

Linga Puran, consisting of around eleven thousand Slokas, is very unique in nature in the sense that it reflects the glorious existence of the great, chief of all gods, Lord Shiva. The detailed description of the twelve Jyotirlingas* (where lord Shiva, always present in the form of Jyoti or as gleam) of Lord Shiva (which are spread all over the India), has found place in this book. Lord Shiva, who is also known as Maheshwar, is the primal man; the Shiv-linga, representing Lord Shiva, symbolizes the radiating power of the ultimate god. One of the key event narrated in this book is the appearance Lord Shiva in the form of Jyotirlinga for the welfare of the entire humanity. There are also certain incidents described here that had created wonder among the gods including Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and others. Finally, the various ways to worship Lord Shiva including prayers, yajnas or fire sacrifice with pious materials so that salvation can be attained easily, has been described here. In other words, this book can be considered as a complementary to the Shiv Puran.
Varna Bhed or Cast in society : Social community in Hinduism is divided into four parts. Its depends on work described for the community or cast.
First is named with Brahmana, This community is recognizes as the higher cast in Hinduism and got the rights or work of worship in temples and devotees home, teaching, all types of divine and holy works. Second is Chatriya, They got the rights to rule and protect over citizens, third is Vaishya, The got the right produce all materials for daily needs, like food, cloth etc. and the last and fourth is Sudra, The got the right to serve for all these other three cast according to their requirements.
Ashrams : its describes according to the stages of age or age based division of life and divided in four parts.
First is Named with Brahmacharya or Student life, it's followed from 5 to 25 years (still five years of age child is staying with his family), during this period child left home and stay with his teachers ashram or gurukul and learn his rights and work according to his cast. Second is Grihasta or home life it's followed from 25 to 50 years, during this period he stay in society and got married, work according to his cast, nourish his family. Third is Vanprastha retire life, in this period he left home and society and got to any jungle or in any tirtha* (holy places) and try to forget his family and concentrate on his deity and meditate. And the fourth and last is Sanyas, 75 to till death, during person completely left everything and only try to obtain moksha or salvation.

12. Varaha Puran

The number of Slokas in this book is about twenty four thousand. The main story of this book rotates around the Varaha Avatar* (incarnation in the form of a boar) of Lord Vishnu (also known as Sri Hari). This book also lets us know about various religious sites related to the Varaha Avatar,the methods to conduct fire sacrifices, charities,vows and so on.There are a lot of topics that has been dealt with in this book, among which the correct methods of worshiping Lord Narayana, the tales of Lord Shiva and his wife, Parvati, importance of the religious sites in relation to Varaha (boar incarnation), the playful nature of Lord Shri-Krishna and its impact on the entire Mathura and Vrajdhaam, origin and significance of the rivers giving us salvation and also the greatness of the tri-gods, Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva are worth mentioning.

13. Skanda Puran

This book is the largest among all the branches of Puran, containing around eighty-one thousand one hundred Slokas. "Skanda" was the name of "Kartikeya", the son of Lord Shiva. Kartikeya himself had composed this Puran. There are seven main chapters in this book, namely, Maaheshwar, Vaishnaava, Braahma, Kashi, Avanti (including the Tapti and Rewa sub-sections), Nagar and Pravas. There is also the detailed description of the holy religious sites of a devout Hindu, such as Badrikashram, Ayodhya, Jagannath Puri, Rameshwar, Kanyakumari, Pravas,Dwarka, Kashi, Kanchi, Utkal, Malwa etc. The most significant rivers flowing through India, such as, the Ganga, Narmada, Yamuna, Saraswati, their origin and glory also find place in this book. Other than this, there is also mention of the significance of the great epics like the Ramayana, Bhaagwat Puran etc., importance and the rituals observing various religious prayers, detailed description of Shivratri* (a specific lent related to Lord Shiva), Satyanarayan vrat* (a special lent dedicated to Lord Vishnu), the knowledge about temporal and ultra mundane theories, explanation of religion, good manners, yoga, devotion and many other relevant topics. Along with this, we can find the description of the characters of many famous religious saints. Even in present day India, devout Hindu people follow the rituals and ethics mentioned in this book. Some more relevant topics discussed in this book are the glory of Lord Shiva, characterization of his wife Sati, destruction of the fire-sacrifice program of King Daksha by Lord Shiva, the famous snake sacrifice, the wedding of Lord Shiva and Parvati, the birth of Kartikeya, killing of the notorious demon Tarakasura and so on.

14. Kurma-Puran

Kurma Puran has been described in seventeen thousand Slokas. It was believed to be composed by the "Kurma Avatar" (tortoise incarnation) of Lord Vishnu. In the beginning, the Tortoise narrated the Puran to King Indradyumna. Later, the same story was repeated by the Kurma incarnation to the King god Indra, the other gods, sage Narada and many other sages at the time of Churning of the Sea. For the third time, it was recited by Romharshan Suta in front of the eighty-eight thousand sages who had gathered at Naimisharanya (a forest) on the occasion of a twelfth yearly congregation. This Puran is named so as it was narrated by the Kurma incarnation. The main thing highlighted in this Puran is the oneness of Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu. There is also the mention of the eight thousand names given to Parvati. Morevover, the importance of the holy sites, such as, Kashi and Prayag, the different versions of the holy book the Geeta, namely, Ishwar Geeta, Vyas Geeta etc. also finds place in this book. Discussion about the Shaiva (related to Lord Shiva) and Shaakta (related to Lord Vishnu) features of Hindu religion can be found in this book. Most importantly, it contains the chronological listing of five identification features of a Puran, which are, Lakshmano-sarg (a section dedicated to the various syndromes), Vansh (heredity), Manwantar (famine) and Vanshanucharit (the characteristic features of family heredity).

15. Matsya Puran

Matasya Avtar
The word "Matsya" means Fish. This segment of Puran is based on the Fish incarnation of Lord Vishnu, the religious sites related to it etc, and contains about fourteen thousand Slokas. It also throws light on the vows, fire sacrifices, charities etc. Some important topics mentioned in this book are the devastating flood almost destroying the creation, the conversation between Sage Manu and the Fish incarnation of Lord Vishnu, description of Rajdharma (dutytowardsnation), significance of visiting a holy site aswell as of charity, importance of the holy places such as Prayag, Kashi, of the river Narmada and so on. Special focus can be seen on the significance of idol making, and also on the characteristics of Tri-dev or Tri-God (Lord Brahma,Lord Vishnu, and Lord Shiva). This book also narrates the story of the seven kalpas (eons), the story of birth of Lord Brahma along with the other gods and also the demons, the occurrence of Marudgana, description of the kingdom of king Prithu, the origin of sage Vaivasta Manu, the rule of observing Maartandshayan Vrat (a special vow), description of islands and places, setting up of temples and palaces and many more such topics. When the entire creation was about to be drowned in the ultimate devastating flood, Lord Vishnu appeared in the form of a fish and gathered all the animals about to be dead. Then he employed one particular sage to take cared of of all the animals. In return, Lord Vishnu would protect the boat of that sage.

16. Garuda Puran

This branch of Puran, containing around nineteen thousand Slokas, is considered to be a religious text of the Vaishnava sect and is related to ancient religion. Lord Vishnu is the chief god worshiped by them. Garuda Puran is believed to help people achieve salvation after their death. If read after death, this Puran has the benefit of. In this book, there is discussion about a varied range of topics ranging from devotion, knowledge, mortification, good manners, benefits of platonic work and so on. It also includes the different ways through which common people can be involved in fire sacrifices, charitable works, prayers, visiting religious sites etc. so that they can achieve temporal as well as otherworldly results. There is detailed description about Ayurveda, , etc. and also the rituals to be observed for a dead person. One more important matter that has found place in this Puran is the realization of the inner self of a person. This Puran also describes the different sections of hell as found in the kingdom of Dharmaraj or Yamraj (the god of death and justice), the level of sins according to which a person is assigned to a particular type of hell, the devotion to Lord Vishnu as well as twenty four forms of reincarnation of Him. To sum up, the main objective of this Puran is the explanation of the rituals to be performed after death, the ways through which the departing soul can be liberated and many other relevant matters.

17. Brahmand Puran

This Puran has twelve thousand Slokas in it. The matters like the detailed description of the entire universe, the ancient geography of the world, astronomical views, spiritual Ramayan etc. has been compiled in this book. Brahmand Puran is linked with the future aeons: there are four parts in it, namely, Prakriyapad (matters related to different processes), Anushpad, Upodghaat (exordiums) and Upasangharpad (the epilogue). The combined first two parts is the initial stage of the book, the third part is the middle stage, and the fourth part is the surpassing stage of this Puran. In the initial part, we can find advice related to our duties, the tale of Naimisha, the origin of Hiranyagarbha, folklores, eons as well as Manwantaras, awareness of people about origin of human beings, description of Rudra-shristi (creation of Rudra), the Priyavrat dynasty, the length and expanse of the earth, description of ancient India along with some other countries, identification of the seven famous islands including Jambudweep (former India), the types of hades, Bhurbhuva (the paternal origin), the heaven and other places lying above us, analyzing the planetary movements, description of Vedvyasan, portrayal of swayambhuv manwantar, narration of seshmanwantar, Prithvidohan chakshushu and also the description of the present manwantar. In the middle section, there is the description of the seven famous sages, derivation of the Prajapati dynasty, description of the ancestors of sage Kashyap, evaluation of the Rishi Dynasty, narration of Pitrikalp and Shraadhkalp, origin of sage Vaivashat, and his evaluation of the dynasty of the ancestors of sage Manu, description of the Ikshaku dynasty, portrayal of the Yadu dynasty, characterization of Kartavirjarjun and of Parshuram, the origin of King Sagar, the holy scripture composed by Shukracharya for Lord Indra, the tale of the demonic God Sangram, the significance of Lord Vishnu, evaluation of the Bali dynasty, and the character study of the people who would become kings in the Kalyug. Finally, the third and concluding portion includes the tale of Vaivashat manwantar in detail, which had been narrated in a shorter way previously. It also contains the description of types of hades one may have to visit caused by their sins, description of the abode of Lord Shiva, and the detection of the course of action of living beings in relation to sattva guna.

18. Vaaman Puran

The number of Slokas in this Puran is ten thousand. The key point discussed in this book is the divine existence and properties of Lord Vishnu. This Puran throws light on all the relevant matters in sync with the Vaaman (dwarf) incarnation of Lord Vishnu. There is also the mention of the worship of the Shivlinga (a specific black stone symbolizing Lord Shiva), the tale of Ganesh-Skanda, the marriage of Lord Shiva and Parvati. etc. In this Puran, there are interesting tales about the Dwarf incarnation, Nar- narayana (presence of Lord Vishnu among all human beings), description of the superiority of Bhagwati Durga (the mother goddess or adhya shakti), Bhakt Prahlad, (Prahlad the great devotee of lord Vishnu), Sridama and many more. Other than these, it also contains the varied natural activities of Lord Shiva, destruction of the fire sacrifice arranged by King Daksha, the burning of Kamdev by Lord Shiva, the unfair and unfortunate killing of sage Andhak, characterization of Goddess Lakshmi, narrations about the evil spirits, detailed study of various religious vows to be observed and relevant Stotras (chantings). This Puran ends with the teachings that we can seek from our devotion to Lord Vishnu.

Buddha and Vasistha's Tale in reference of Chinachar rituals

Vasistha legend, with is called as Vir or Kaul Sadhana.

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Lord Buddha as Chineese Iconography

Tale of Chinachara or Kaula, in Tantric rituals

China is a well known Asian country. The great range of the Himalayas lies to the south of the country. A part of this country named "Tibet", had the ancient name of "Mahacina", as described in Hindu Tantric text books; Rudrayamla Tantra, Brahmayamla Tantra, Tara Tantra and Samar Dipika etc. and also in the tale of Lord Buddha and Vasistha. "Maharshi Vasistha", who was the son of Lord Brahma (creator of the Universe), introduced the worship procedure of Goddess Tara, therefore Goddess Tara is also well known as "Vasistharadhita". He got this procedure from Lord Buddha. At that time, Lord Buddha was staying in the Himalayan region of China which was known by the name of "Mahacina". According to the beliefs in Hinduism, Mount Kailash and Mansarovar Lake, is the place where the God of destruction Lord Shiva and his family resides and it is also lies halfway to the path towards

Vasistha performed Sadhana or spiritual practice, observing vedic yogic rites, for six thousand years to get a view of Goddess Ugra Tara, in a lonely spot near Neel Parvat where the Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati is situated. But, even following the vedic rites as guided by his father Lord Brahma, he did not succeed. When Vasistha did not succeed for the first time, he went to his father Lord Brahma and prayed, "Give me another Mantra, since this Mantra of Goddess does not grant me success; otherwise in your presence I shall utter a terrible curse." Lord Brahma corrected him that the path of Yogic Vedic rites, was not compulsory to achieve the blessing or boon of the Goddess. The lord advised him to worship her again wholeheartedly, which would surely cause her to appear and to grant him boons and blessing. Lord Brahma described that she is the supreme power or Shakti and she would save us from all kind of dangers, and would protect us. She appears in a lustrous dark blue color shining like ten million suns, she is cool like ten million moons and her sudden appearance seems like ten million lightning flashes. She is enriched with all types of knowledge existing in this Universe, which makes her known as Bhudeswari or Neel-Saraswati. So, Vashishtha should worship her constantly with wholehearted feelings. As advised by his father and Guru, he again came near Neelanchal parvat, and started worship and spiritual practice once again. He continued with his worship of Goddess Ugra Tara for more than one thousand years but still he didn't succeed. Thereupon the sage Vashishtha grew angry, and deiced to curse the mantra of Goddess Tara. He did 'achamana' taking a little water in his hand and cursed the mantra of the Goddess, that no one would be able to get success with this mantra in future. Thereupon Kuleshvari (deity of the Kaulas) appeared before the sage and asked him why he had so terribly cursed the Mantra of Goddess without any cause. She reproached him that he was not well aware of the path of Kaulagama and also did not know the proper way of worship. Moreover, it was not possible for any human or god to see her lotus feet with only Yogic spiritual practice, i.e., worshiping without austerity and pain. To get Siddha or accomplishment through the chanting, one has to know the proper way of worship, which is called as Kaulagama or Pancha-Makar. She also added that her sadhana or spiritual practice was beyond scope of the Vedas. She advised to go to "Mahacina" or present day Tibet, where a sage named Buddha resided, who was well acquainted with her worship of "Kaulagama path or way". He used to follow the path as described in 'Atharva-Veda' and had received the blessing and boon and also the much awaited Siddhi.

The grate sage Vasistha, wanted to know more about the Kaulagama or Pancha-Makar, as referred to by the Goddess. He went to Tibet where Lord Buddha used to reside. Vasistha, prostrated in front of Lord Buddha and introduced himself as the son of Lord Brahma. He admitted that his mind was ever perturbed, and that he had come to Tibet to know about the worship method of Goddess Ugra Tara. He did not know the path which would lead him to attain Siddhi. Vashishtha was shocked to find Lord Buddha performing certain extraordinary rituals with wine, woman, fish and meat. Vashishtha's mind became even more doubtful. He thought that such rites and rituals were beyond the bounds of the Vedas. He could not follow how could he drink wine, consume meat, and enjoy naked woman (Digambara). He could even find Siddhas who were blessed with boons from the Goddess and at the same time were in a state of Raktopanodyata (sucking blood). They drank constantly and enjoyed the company of beautiful women with red eyes; they were ever exhilarated and replete with flesh and wine. Thus, the great Vasistha, after seeing the rites which did not conform to the Vedas, bowed low with his folded hands and humbly asked, "How can these types of rituals and rites be purifying to the mind? How can there be Siddhi without Vaidik rites?"
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Lord Buddha replied, "Oh Vasistha, listen for a while, I tell to thee of the excellent Kula-Path or Kaula-way. By the knowledge of this path, anyone can become like Rudra or Shiva within a short span of time. By following this way or Agama, which is the essence of all, you can lead to Kul-Siddhi. First of all, the worshiper should be pure called as "Shuchi"; he should not behave like animals, don't have the "Pashu Vhava or Dakshinachar", his character should possess "Vira Vhava". These rites and rituals are permissible for those, whose mind is non-discriminatory in every aspect, free from every lust, anger and other passions. He should be of well nature, should always devote himself in yogic practice and stay alone in a lonely place, tread the path of Yoga and should fully know the meaning of the Veda. With the possession of such qualities and with the generosity of the heart, keeping full control over the mind, he should practice to control or restrain his breath called Pranayama. When he achieves perfection in Pranayama, he would become a master in Yoga. With a steady mind he should focus on Shakti or deity. Thereafter he should practice Maha-Virabhava (realization or behavior of a great hero) and have to follow the Kaulagami Path or Kaulagami way and worship the deity of Kaula's, "Kaulakatyayni or Tara" according to the rites and rituals of Kaulagami, who follow Pancha-Makar, i.e., worship with five elements, which is described as Vira-Bhava.
1. Wine,
2. Meat,
3, Fish,
4. Hand Gestures or Mudra (a type of Yoga with hands) and Parched Grain,
5. Maithuna or Sexual intercourse.

She is the abode of every knowledge in the entire Universe and is Consciousness (Chidrupa),and Bliss, Bright as ten Million lightnings, all elements or 'Tatva' are embodiments of her, she is fond of wine and meat or flesh. Lord Buddha asked Vasistha whether he had ever worshipped Maha-Shakti Tara with wine called Madhyasana. To get a sight of the Lotus Feet of the Mahavidya or Goddess, one has to practice Sadhana following the rituals with Wine, Meat, Fish, Parched Grain and hand gestures, and Shakti would appear to offer boons and blessing. In this way he could become a full Yogi. Lord Buddha asked him to find out the place where the third eye of Sati had fallen and where Dwarka river is flowing in north direction. Now this place is well known as Tarapith.
Samadhi Mandir of Bama Khyapa in Tarapith Maha Sosan
This is the Temple of Great Saint Bama Khyapa in Tarapith Maha-Shamshan. Inside this temple, there is the Pancha-Mundi Assan or seat made of five skulls,which are of a human being, three animals and a bird. This seat or Assan is made by Vasistha, as advised by lord Buddha. There after lots of scholars have received boon of the goddess while being seated on this seat. Bama-Khyapa took Maha-Samadhi or salvation, being seated on this seat.

Tantra, A brief description


A path of spiritual practice to achieve extreme knowledge.

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Significance of Tantra in Hindu Iconography

Significance of Tantra with cosmic and supernatural knowledge is very deep as ocean in Hindu Iconography. Hindu Iconography is the great source of Philosophical rituals and store of high contemplation from ancient days. It's a independent iconography, in which there is a way of adore or worship deities, description of code of conduct with to make its way under the desired wishes. Tantric text books was written as "Manu-Scripts" and some of them are preserved it with different library or organizations in original. But there are lots of tantric scripts books which are missing. We find the earliest description of Tantra in "Rig Veda" (a religious Hindu text-book, which was written in the beginning of the creation of the world. It combines two words: Rig meaning "Parse or Verse" and Veda meaning "knowledge") and the other three Vedas (Atharvaveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda), where the word Tantra is described as a "loom" (a weaving device to make cloth). It is used to get the knowledge we need to weave through or learn Vedas. Tantra represents as, some set of doctrines with spiritual practices and rituals, to get psychological healthiness, respect of every element of this Universe, behavior, kindness, purity, physical attractiveness, with most significant salvation. In Kamika Tantra (a text book of Tantra) it is described as a combination of two words: 'Tan' and 'Tra'. Tantra reflects extensively abundant and deep matter, because it is related to the principles of reality or truth called "Tan". It also consists of the holy chants and its endowed liberation or salvation. The "tra" is the principles of reality or truth (sattva) with a combination of mantras. Vishnu Puran (a text book dedicated to Lord Vishnu) also contains description of spiritual practices and rituals. There are various sects in Hinduism, followers or scholars who follow this way of exercitation known as Tantra. Tantra is classified as various sects in Hinduism. Vaishnava's (followers of Lord Vishnu and observing the path of Satwa Guna) called Samhita, Shiva's (followers of Lord Shiva and observing the path of Rajo Guna) called Agama and Shakta's (followers of Parvati or Kali and observing the path of Rajo Guna) called Tantra. Conversation of Lord Shiva and her spouse Parvati is the only source of Tantra, in fact conversation of both was written by scholars as Tantra. And Baikhanak is related to Lord Brahma.

In availability Tantras, there are four main thoughts :
1. Gyan (Knowledge), in this section, there is a huge description of the mysterious effect Mantras, with Philosophy.
2. Yoga, to keep mentally and physically fit and to observe the supernatural powers hidden in self's body.
3. Kriya, in this section there is a main thoughts to worships and making of idol and temples.
4. Charya, in this section there is a description of celebrations in festival, different Vrat or lent and social rituals and celebrations.
According to philosophic view, it's divided in three ways, 1. Dwet 2. Adwet 3. Dwetadwet.

Tantra is divided into four branches, 1. Agama 2. Yamal 3. Damar 4. Tantra. First and the most significant is Agama, in which Lord Shiva is a narrator and listener is her spouse Parvati, while it’s reverse is known as Nigama where Parvati is narrator and listener is Lord Shiva. It’s first listened by Lord Vishnu and accepted by him, Vishnu tells to Ganesha, Ganesha to Nandi and its come to followers. Shaiva and Shakti Agam is exuded by Shiva with his five heads, in this aspect of five head, he is known as Panchavakatra, i.e. 1. Ishan 2. Tatpurush 3. Sadhojat 4. Vamdev 5. Aghor. Every name symbolized a kind of power, known as i.e. Siddha (accomplishment or success), Anand (pleasure or Joy), Icha (wish or desire), Gyan (knowledge) and Kriya (work) respectively. Lord Shiva manifests himself in three central aspects, which is known as Shiva (distinction aspect), Rudra (traversed distinction aspect) and Bhairav (Promiscuity aspect). According to this manifestation, he create different groups of Agamas.

Shaiv Agama : Lord Shiva, divided himself in different ten aspects and gives everyone a special knowledge from his undivided great knowledge store. first Shiva he is known as :
1. Pranav Shiva and the Agam is KamikAgama
2. Sudha Shiva and the Agam is Yogaj
3. Divpta Shiva and the Agam is Chantya
4. Karan Shiva and the Agam is Karan
5. Sushiva Shiva and the Agam is Ajit
6. Ish Shiva and the Agam is Sudiptak
7. Sukshma Shiva and the Agam is Sukshma
8. Kal Shiva and the Agam is Sahastra
9. Dhanesh Shiva and the Agam is Suprabhed
10. Anshu Shiva and the Agam is Anshuman


In the form of Rudragama, it’s divided into 18 Agamas as :
1. Vijay RudrAgama
2. Niswash RudrAgama
3. Parmeswar RudrAgama
4. Prodgit RudrAgama
5. Mukhabimba RudrAgama
6. Siddha RudrAgama
7. Santan RudrAgama
8. Narsingh RudrAgama
9. Chandransu RudrAgama
10. Virbhadra RudrAgama
11. Swayambhu RudrAgama
12. Virakt RudrAgama
13. Kauravya RudrAgama
14. Mukut or Makut RudrAgama
15. Kiran RudrAgama
16. Ganit RudrAgama
17.Aagneya RudrAgama
18. Vatul RudrAgama


In the form of Bhairavagama, it’s divided into 64 aspects.
1. Swacha 2. Chand 3. Korch 4. Unmatta 5. Asitang 6. Mahocchushma 7. Kankalish 8. ………… 9. Brahma 10. Vishnu 11. Shakti 12. Rudra 13. Aathvarna 14. Ruru 15. Betal 16. Swachand 17. Raktakhya 18. Lampatakhya 19. Lakshmi 20. Mat 21. Chalika 22. Pingal 23. Utfulak 24. Vishwadha 25. Bhairavi 26. Pichu Tantra 27. Samudbhav 28. Brahmi Kala 29. Vijaya 30. Chandrakhya 31. Mangala 32. Sarva Mangala 33. Mantra 34. Varna 35. Shakti 36. Kala 37. Bindu 38. Nata 39. Shakti 40.chakra 41. Bhairavi 42. Vina 43. Vina Mani 44. Sammoh 45. Damar 46. Arthavakra 47. Kabandh 48. Shirachched 49. Andhak 50. Rurubhed 51. Aaj 52. Mal 53. Varna Kanth 54. Tridang 55. Jwalalin 56. Matrirodan 57. Bhairavi 58. Chitrika 59. Hansa 60. Kadambika 61. Hrilekha 62. Chandralekha 63. Viddhulekha 64. Vidhunman.
According to Shakta branch of Tantra; its 64 Tantra and 327 Uptantra, Yamal, Damar and Samhita.

Agama is also associated with Vaishnava sect, apart from Shiva and Shakti. Vaishnav Agmas are clissified into two part, one is Baikhanas and second is Pancharatra. Baikhanak is the name of a sage and his nine pupil 1. Kashyap 2. Atri, 3. Marichi 4. Vashistha 5. Angira 6. Brighu 7. Pulatsya 8. Pulah 9. Kratu pramoter of Baikhanak Agama.

On the basis of ‘Pancha-Prakriya’ of Vaishnavas’s, Pancharatra Agma had created. Yagya or any religious rituals ceromony, which is to be completed in five nights and Lord Narayan (Lord Vishnu) is the editor of this Vaishnava Agama. According to Vishnu Tantra, earth, water, fire, air is told as five nights. 1. Brahma Ratra 2. Shiva Ratra 3. Indra Ratra 4. Nag Ratra 5. Rishi Ratra, comes according to this Agama. Sanat Kumar, Narad, Markandaye, Vasistha, Vishwamitra, Anirudha, Ishwar and Bharadwaj etc. sages are promoter of this Agama.

Yamala :Literally, the meaning of Yamal is joint or duet, it's is based on the the conversation of duet Gods, like Bhairav and Bhairavi, Uma and Maheswar (Parvati and Shiva), Shiva and Brahma, Narad and Mahadev etc. question and answers parley. Hindu Iconography belived, Shiva and Shakti are same, Shiva is in the form of Shakti and Shakti is in the form of Shiva so in Yamalas both are questioner and listener. According to Varahi Tantra, 1. Shristi, the World, 2. Jyotishi, Astrology 3. Nityakrit Varnan, daily routine work 4. Kram, sequence, 5. Sutra, source 6. Varna Bhed, distinction of species 7. Jati Bhed, distinction of cast 8.Yug Dhram, work according to eon, discussion on these topic made, is known as Yamla. In Bhairavastak under Bhairavagama, there are eight Yamala knon as : Brahma, Vishnu, Shakti, Rudra, Aarthavarna, Ruru, Vetal and Swachand. Yamala are mainly eight : Brahma Yamala, Vishnu Yamala, Rudra Yamala, Jayadrath Yamala, Skand Yamala, Uma Yamala, Lakshmi Yamala and Ganesh Yamala.
यामिनी-विहितानी कर्माणि समाश्रीयन्ते तत् तन्त्रं नाम यामलम्
According to above Sanskrit line, deeds which should be prescribed in only night is known as Yamala, as the Tantric practices keep in secret shadow. Difficult spiritual practice process with night prayer, is mention in Yamalas. Those who knows the secrets mystery of Shiva and Shakti, is only practice according to Yamala, so it’s associates with spiritual practices of secrets mystery. There are six main : 1. Brahma 2. Vishnu 3. Rudra 4. Ganesh 5. Ravi 6. Aditya.

Damara : Narrated by Lord Shiva, there are six Damara’s 1. Yoga 2. Shiva, 3. Durga, 4. Saraswati 5. Brahma 6. Gandharva.

Tantra : Nigama, Shiva is a listener and narrator is her spouse Parvati, Shakta Tantra. And Rahasya, Nigama, Arnava etc. it's huge.

Tantra, is not only covered the matters related to spiritual practice or Hindu Iconography. It's also included with description of Ayurveda, Jotish or Astrology, Yoga, Herb science, Human body Science, Medical Science, Astronomy, different Animals and Birds Science etc. Which help us to keep fit, be healthy, huge source of Ayurvedic Medicines,benefitsof different herbs, provide mental strength etc. In Sarva Vijayi Tantra, there is a description of treat different disease through mantras and herbs. Every plant or herb have some medicinal properties and the medicinal benefits of a herbs are described in some Tantras. There is a various ways to fulfill different desire though herbs and roots like Tulsi, Neem, Sahadevi, Gunja, Swet-Ark etc, body parts of different animals and birds, seeds as in Tantra. Like a flower name Aparajita or Neelkant (hindi and sanskrit), Clitoria Ternatea (botanical name), Butterfly-pea, Blue-pea, and Cordofan-pea (english), is enriched with different types of medicinal field and used for treatment and fulfill of different desire and it's describe in Aprajita Tantra.
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About the origin of Tantra

There are main two believe, about the origin of Tantra. Some believed Tantra originated from Kashmir (Agama class) and some believed Tantra originated from Bengal. Bengali Tantriks carried and plays important role to spread Tantra to different parts of Indian sub continent. Several scholars from Bengal went over Tibet, China and other parts of Indian sub continent, stay and settle down and wrote Tantric scripts. It's also because of the maximum number and most significant Shakti-Peethas are situated in Bengal region, like the first among goddess "Maha-Kali" belong to the Peeth in Kolkata named Kali-Ghat, the capital of West Bengal state of India.
"Kamakhya" now is in attach to Guawhati of Assam state in India, is the most powerful and significant for Tantric practices and rituals. Genetic organ of Sati or the first wife of Lord Shiva fell here and the Power resides in this place is named Goddess Kamakhya or Tripur-Sundari. From ancient days, still there is lots of scholars of tantra, who are staying in there in Kamakhya. It's a grate Tantric Peeth or place where the scholars perform or practice Tantric rites and got blessing and boon. From, ancient days, this place is famous for black magic, Tantric's, amazing and marvelous incidence like to make a human being to animals etc., marvel. A place named "Mayong" or also known as city of Black Magic, 55 km north-east from Kamakhya is famous for back magic. Mayong in the capital of Pragjotishpur (the ancient name of Assam state), The rules of Mayong was also grate devotee of Goddess Kamakhya. Tantric scholars lived between Kamakhya to Mayong. And the most significant is Tantric procedure or rituals roam across Shiva and Parvati or their other incarnations.

Important contents of Tantra

Tantra deals with Creation, Dissolution, Worship, Supernatural powers etc. subjects, but the main aim of Tantra is to attain Siddhi or accomplishment with supernatural powers and Liberation from death and birth cycle called Moksha. Tantra accept the principles of death and rebirth. In Tantra human body have 3 crore arteries and veins called Nadi, in which three main Ida (left side and a symbol of Moon), Pingla (is on the right side, symbol of Surya or Sun) and Susumna (in center) which exist in spinal cord of human body, prominent for liberation or salvation. These three nadi's have with slept supernatural powers and awake by the process or practice described in Tantra.

Human body also consist of Kosas or distance, 1. Anna-maya or made of food, 2. Prana-maya or control of Breath 3. Mano-maya or state of mind 4. Vijnana-maya (special consciousness), Ananda-maya (Consisting of Joy).

A human body is with existing of Six Chakras or Nerve-Pexus, named 1. Muladhara 2. Svadhisthana 3. Manipura 4. Anahata 5. Vishuddha 6. Ajna.


A Sadhak or performer is divided into three classes, as the principles of Gunas. Natural properties, which are Satwa Guna (Sustain-er), Rajo Guna (Creator), Tamo Guna (Destroyer), creates this human nature. 1. Divya-Bhava 2. Vira-Bhava 3. Pasu-Bhava are those three human nature. Humans are the best animals in the World, so the person leads a family life or who want to achive the position of Vira and Divya Bhava, they should start worship according to the rituals of Pashu-Bhava or Dakshinachar.While the rituals described in other two ways, Vira Bhava & Divya Bhava is not for every one, those achieve a high level or position in practice or Sadhana, would follow these rituals or with a guidance of Guru or Master. Know More

Guna or गुण” (properties or natural qualities) are three types of forces which are divided into three categories. These three types of forces are categorized as ‘Sattwa’, ‘Rajas’, and ‘Tamas’. According to Hindu Vedic Philosophy, every living and nonliving element, thoughts, visible and non visible forms are created with these three natural properties. For the smooth conduct of operation of the Universe, these three forces or properties are very essentially required. Creation is not possible without destruction and sustenance. For e.g. Birth is related with Rajas force or creative energy, Life is related with Sattwa force or sustain-er energy and Death is related with Tamas or destructive energy. and thus all three of these are significant. As worship or spiritual practice or perform is also distinguished by these three qualities; worshipers of Gods are believed to follow Sattwa Guna, worshipers of demigods are believers in Rajas Guna and worshipers of ghosts and spirits are believers of Tamsi Guna. Heaven is related with Sattwa, World is related with Rajas and Hades is related with Tamas quality. Food which we get in non-violent methods (i.e.,without killing or hurting other living beings) belongs to Sattwa and the rest belongs to Tamas. Work and thoughts which are non-profitable, charitable, unselfish in nature, and are without any specific desire, are symbolized by Sattwa. Anything that yearns for gaining profit and are full of desire are symbolized by Rajas, and finally, violence, hurting others, being selfish are symbolized by Tamsi. Although these qualities seem to vary for the different Gunas, but they are closely inter-related with each other, all are complement of each other. If there is something created, its existence compulsorily calls for destruction at the end, otherwise creation will lose its significance.

According to Mahakala Tantra, the number of Sakta Tantras are 64, Up-Tantras (sub-tantras) 321, Samhita 30, Chudamani 100, Daamara in four digits, Yamal 8, sukt 2, Puran 6, Up-Veda 15, Kaksh Puti 3, Kalpashak 8, Kalplata 2, Chintamani 3, Agastya Sukta, Parshuram Sukta, Durvasa Sukta, Dutt Samhita, Pratybhigya, Shakti-Sutra.

In Tantra, 'Shakti' or female power is described in the form of mainly "Dus-Mahavidya", or ten great wisdom knowledge. Tantra's, Maha-Vidyas are divided in two classes,
1. Kali-Kula or family of Maha-Kali and
2. Sri-Kula or family of Sri or Tripur Sundari. Those who worship female power is known as 'Shakta' sect in Hinduism, These are :

1. Maha-Kali, the Dark Goddess, giver or donor the result of every work.
2. Tara, the Star or Sparkling light, bestow Salvation or Liberation, enriched with extreme knowledge.
3. Tripur-Sundari, or Sodhashi, 16 years old charming and beautiful girl with full 16 types of desire.
4. Bhuwaneswari, Creator or Guardian of every element in Universe.
5. Chhinnamasta, Self-Decapitated Goddess.
6. Bahiravi, The Destroyer.
7. Dhumavati, Widow Goddess with Auspiciousness, Unluck, Poorness .
8. Bagalamukhi, the paralyze r Goddess.
9. Matangi, Goddess of Pollution and Black Magic, Music etc.
10. Kamala, Goddess of Luck and wealth.


Dus Maha-Vidyas
Dus Maha-Vidyas

A word 'Kula or Kula-Gami' is very popular in Tantra, according to 'Shakti-Sangam Tantra', 'Kula or Kula Gami's' are the worshiper or 'Upashak' of Goddess Maha-Kali. 'Mahanirvana Tantra' describes as, generally worshipers used five 'Ma-Kar or panch ma-kar' elements are Kulachar or Kula. Goddess related with Kali's family or 'Kali-Kula' worshiped with 'panca ma-kar' rituals.
There are other three paths called 'Marga' in Tantra, which describe as :
1. Dakshina, followers of Veda, Smriti and Purans.
2. Vama, followers of Veda, Smriti and Agama.
3. Uttara, Followers of Veda and what ever guided by 'Guru' or Master.
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Pancha-Ma-Kaar or Panchattavta or Kauladravya, The exercise or spiritual practice, along with Pancha or five elements with starting alphabet the "M". In this method, the worshiper, offers his prayers with five elements starting with the alphabet "M" (in Hindi or Sanskrit it is "म-कार"), which are :


Those who follow the Vira or Heroic, mostly they worship aggressive nature :


1. "Madya" referring to "alcohol, wine, liquor",
2. "Maansa" referring to "flesh or meat",
3. "Matsya" referring to "fish",
4. "Mudra" referring to Yoga done with hand gestures,
5. "Maithun" referring to "Sexual Intercourse",

Those who follow the Pasu or Animals, mostly they worship soft-aggressive nature :
1. Honey, Coconut-Water or Milk instead of Wine,
2. Ginger, Sesamum, Salt or Garlic instead of Meat,
3. Masur Dal or red Sesamum, Red Radish instead of Fish,
4. Barley, Rice instead of Mudra,
5. Surrender like a children in feet of Goddess,


Those who follow the Divya or Devine, mostly they worship soft nature :
1. Maddening realization of the Goddess, gain by Yoga. instead of Wine.
2. He dedicate himself, as he identified as Brahmana, instead of Meat.
3. With Satvik or pure and divine Knowledge, instead of Fish.
4. Giving up the pact with all evil things, which cause bondage, instead of Mudra.
5. Collect the Kundalini Shakti, residing in human head as thousand pelleted chakras or Sahasra Dal Kamal, instead of Maithuna.


It is not compulsory for every scholars observing Tantra or worshiper, who has reached a highest stage in spiritual life, can do this, with the guidance of the Guru or master. As Kularnava Tantra, If inebriety is only the way of accomplishment then every drinker become accomplished or got Siddhi and eating of meat is only the way of libation then, everyone meat eater become pious. There is a proper mystery resides behind this way of worship.

Tantra is also divided according to religion, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jaina. This three division of Tantra are existing in the World, China and Tibet is the most major places, beyond India. Several Sankrit Scripts of Tantras are preserved only in Chinese and Tibet-ion translations and the original scripts being lost. Maha-Vidayas, specially Goddess Tara or mother goddess and Bhairavas is worshiped in China and Tibet, by the followers of Buddhism.

Old and Rare Manu-Script page of Shakti-Sangam Tantra
Old and Rare Manu-Script page of Shakti-Sangam Tantra

There is a darker side of Tantra also, called as "Sad-Karma" in which Maran (used to kill), Mohan (Used to attract), Ucchatan (Used to harm), Vasikaran (used to got someone), Stambhan (Used to paralyze). After getting the natural powers, some scholars misuses those by harm any body as above described. From ancient days, this kind of works did by Tantriks or scholars of tantra to harm. Before the Birth of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who spread the Vaishnava sect in Bengal, Tantric rituals are very popular in Bengal. During this period most of the Tantriks become selfish and on the path of "asadgami" or untruth full, despicable or bad act or work. They spread a kind of darkness, in which they show they are most powerful, people have to follow the rules made by them, the miss use the power of tantra and scare. This is the darker part of Tantra, about how the Tantric's use the power? It's may be used for worst works or to harm anyone and it's totally depends on the Tantric.